Bayes Theorem

  A theorem concerning conditional probabilities of the form P(A|B) [read: ``the probability of A, given B'']:

where P(B) and P(A) are the unconditional (or a priori) probabilities of B and A, respectively. This is a fundamental theorem of probability theory, but its use in statistics is a subject of some controversy ( Bayesian Statistics). For further discussion, see [Eadie71], [Sivia96].